The simple answer:
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EVERYTHING!</font>
Seriously, absolutely anything that comes into contact with your car, whether it is a car duster, a water balde, a wash mitt, a microfiber towel or other - can scratch your car if there is any dirt between the two. This dirt can be microscopic - but basically all you need is the dust that starts to fall on your car tghe minute you finish buffing out the wax.
I wouldn't have believed this until I owned a black car. I swear - the best thing you could ever do to improve your "detailing awareness" would be to take a piece of sheet metal to a paint shop and ask them to spray it and clearcoat it next time they fix a black car. Leave it outdoors so that it gets dirty - practice washing and polishing it. Find out how different lighting effects and viewing angles affect what you see. Make sure you use the best possible viewing conditions as you experiment with different techniques.
Now - before you get TOTALLY depressed - the fact is that if you're careful, you really can REDUCE the amount of scratching a lot.
Rule #2:
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Towels don't scratch your car. Dirt scratches your car. </font>
BUT
Towel choice is still important. Some towels lift dirt away and hide it better thatn others. More imoprtantly, some towels mop up the stuff ou put on, like wax or detail spray, better than others - so you rub less. I am a total microfiber addict. Terry never touches my paint any more, ever. I use my terry for interior jobs, glass, drying my hands. Good quality Terry is second best, but MF is simply better.
Rule #3
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To reduce scratching, REDUCE RUBBING! </font>
A great example of how to turn this principle into practice is a thread we disccussed a while back about how to dry your car:
http://www.autopia-carport.com/forum/showthread.php3?s=&threadid=5120
We all make compromises - you just can't wash your car every 9 minutes, and washing/drying isn't rub-free so it isn't risk-free. For example, when my car has a light layer of dust on it, I will QD it and wipe with an MF towel. I am really careful to keep exposing new parts of the towel to the car so I don't rub already-collected dirt into the paint. This, all things considered, is a very "safe" thing to do. it is LIKELY you'll add a scratch somewhere - altough it will be very hard to spot in anything but perfect light. On the other hand, you're reducing the chance of something else scratching it even worse - so it is a good thing. If the car is a little too dusty though, I've learned to resist the urge. I wait until I wash it.
I've also stopped doing some things I used to do. I really liked the Calfornia water Blade, for example - if you do a perfect job washing and there is zero grit for it to drag down your paint, it truly doesn't scratch. Remember rule #2. But sooner or later, you're going to pick up a piece of schmutz you missed when washing. Happened to me. Nice, big, long, straight scratch down the entire length of my hood. I'm not talking about a dusty canyon here, but certainly something that qualified as a heavy "swirl" type scratch, and one that took some attention to getting out. SO - I don't use the CWB on my paint any more.
Does this help?