I have the 15 and 21.
What I'm not understanding is when the pad stalls , are we losing oscillation and/or just the rotation?
It looks to me like just rotation stops.
With a free floating spindle how does a more powerful motor in the Mark 2 keep the pad rotating? Dont both the new and old machines oscillate at the same RPM?
Shawn you are touching on a subject that many people do not understand, kudos.
When the pad stalls you are losing rotation, but in some cases you can loose oscillation (bogging). It really depends on why the pad is stalling in the first place.
This is fairly complex question to answer but I will do my best given that I am not an engineer.
There are multiple factors that "drive" the pad to rotate. One of the most important is the speed (and distance) of the oscillation. This creates the inertia that spins the pad (in simplest terms - its actually far more involved). By operating at a higher OPM, the force that spins the pad is increased.
However, even the OPM is subjected to load. If you hold the pad completely flat and press down as a hard as you can, then the OPM can bog. So now the pad's rotation is slowed by two things - the increased friction of loading the pad as well as the fact that the tool is no longer generating the same force that spins the pad.
With a more powerful motor (torque), the tool is more resistant to loosing OPMs, and thus the pad will resist stalling more (the force creating the spin remains higher). With a higher RPM motor that resists loosing OPM under load, you have another factor that resists bogging and thus keeps the pad spinning better.
The Mark II spins at a faster rate than the Mark I (4700 RPM/OPM vs. 4200 RPM/OPM) max. This is true - not advertised - RPM. However, this is a small part in the rotation, it is the ability the Mark II to spin faster under load that creates the faster pad spin. If we had a tool that had 20k RPM, but dropped to 3K with the slightest load, the pad rotation would suffer considerably.
One thing that really impressed people at SEMA was how they couldn't really stall the pad, even at speed 3. This isn't so much of a factor of the RPM, as it is the machines ability to maintain the RPM under load. That is, even on speed 3 it is very difficult to bog the motor because of the increase in torque.
When you encounter a significant curve in the body line that forces the pad to engage the surface at an angle, the pad is far more likely to stall. This is the nature of a random orbital tool. The higher RPM of the motor (again combined with a host of other changes) and the increase in torque does provide more inertia for the pad to spin, so it may drive through this better, but even so a 21mm random orbital will provide 80-90% of its cutting action form the orbital movement alone (provided the pad can transfer the movement to the paint). With the Mark II, far more power is available in the orbital action, so even on the rare occurrence that a pad will stall, it will still deliver far more cutting power to the paint.
Hope this helps.